CDS

The Bible distinguishes between body, soul, and spirit, each having a unique role in human existence.

• The Body (“sōma”) is the physical, perishable part of a person. It is described as a temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19) and is meant to glorify God (Romans 12:1). Though subject to weakness and decay (2 Corinthians 5:1), it will be transformed in the resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:42-44).

• The Soul (“psychē”) is the seat of emotions, intellect, and will. It defines personality and moral responsibility. The soul thirsts for God (Psalm 42:2), is accountable for eternal destiny (Matthew 16:26), and can find rest in Him (Psalm 62:2). It exists beyond physical death (Daniel 12:2).

• The Spirit (“pneuma”) is the part of a person that connects with God. It is renewed through the new birth (John 3:5-6) and leads believers in truth (Romans 8:14). The spirit is at war with the flesh (Galatians 5:17), but it enables communion with God (John 4:24).

These three aspects work together: the body engages with the world, the soul shapes identity and choices, and the spirit communes with God. Paul summarizes this by praying, “May your whole spirit, soul, and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (1 Thessalonians 5:23)